Does the Modern University Have Islamic Roots in the...

After reading and thoroughly analyzing both sides of the Taking Sides Issue, â€Å"Does the Modern University have Islamic Roots in the Islamic World?† I agree with the professor of history and philosophy of education Medhi Nakosteen; he touches the roots of the modern university to the Golden Age of Islamic Culture (750-1150 C.E). Medhi also states that Muslim scholars adapted the best of traditional scholarship and established both the experimental method and the university system, which they handed on to the west before they degenerated. Muslims have made many contributions to Western Education that has gone unrecognized due to religious prejudice, language barriers and decline of Islamic Culture and the distance of historic materials for†¦show more content†¦Next was the period during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries; education became the function of the state and schools were established for determinations of denominational education and political instruction. Later on a new type of school was conceived to endorse religious indoctrination of the Sunnite Islamic faith and political instruction of a Turkish-Persian style, aside from universal learning and particular training. Nizam-al-Mulk, a well-known vizier was one of the founders of these madrasah schools, in the administration of the Seljuq sultans in the eleventh century. The madrasah schools had the molding of public opinion in Sunnite orthodox Islam against the Shi’ah branch. Large sums of money were prearranged for the establishment and preservation of these schools with generous scholarships, pensions, and rations granted to all worthy students. The schools were also institutionalized under state control and support, and standardized madrasahs were built within all large cities of Islam, with the exception of Spain and Sicily. Altogether Nizam-al-Mulk made the greatest single involvement to education in founding and extending an almost universal system of schools (madrasahs) throughout Eastern Islam. He was one of the most learned men of his time, greatly versed in Muslim tradition and one of the great political theorists of Islam. The schools he created all over theShow MoreRelatedThe Religion Of Islam Is A Religion With Deep Roots That1495 Words   |  6 Pagesreligion of Islam is a religion with deep roots that have now expanded out from the Middle East and touch all corners of the world. While there is no doubt that Islam’s oldest roots lie in the birthplace of the religion, the Arabian Peninsula, the religion’s culture, customs, and laws have been carried out from here and impact millions worldwide. However, with the spread of Islam into the world comes the spread of the world into Islam. Meaning that as Islam’s roots grow far and wide it must face the challengingRead MoreQuantu m Mechanics and Islam Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesEven though modern scientists are able to produce many technologically new products from the application of the principles involved in quantum mechanics, they are still struggling to explain the phenomena in the form of an acceptable theory. The above question remains unanswered. It is the aim of this study to provide some reasonable arguments from the Islamic science perspective that at the end hopefully could lead to the answer to the questions. The knowledge that modern scientists have at the momentRead MoreThe Islamic Faith : Born On The Arabian Peninsula1377 Words   |  6 Pages The Islamic faith was born on the Arabian Peninsula. In the sixth century the Arabian Peninsula was a place of refuge from two major apposing powers the Christian Byzantine kingdom and the Zoroastrain Persian Kingdom (Allen Tooraw, 2011). During this time Mohammad Ibn Abadallah was born. When he was forty years old he had his first vision, proclaiming that Allah was the one true god and rejecting the idol worship of Mecca and thus began the Islamic faith (Allen Tooraw, 2011). The Quran isRead More The Evolving Nexus between Islam and Iran Essay5554 Words   |  23 Pagesbetween Islam and Iran The nexus between Islam and Iran is a complex one. Islam was brought to Iran via Arab-Islamic conquest in 650 AD and has played a shifting, anomalous role in this nation-state ever since. The ideas of nationalism, secularism, religion, and revolution are unique in this Muslim country. Iranians, unlike many of their neighbors, hold on very strongly to their pre-Islamic roots and achievements; sentiments of nationalism are apparent throughout Iranian history and in the everyday conversationsRead MoreThe Historical And Modern Definition Of `` Fatima, And Based On My Personal Reaction Essay2125 Words   |  9 Pagesmore likely to be perceived as secret marriage from the contemporary Egyptian socio-cultural context. This change in definition occurred in 1931 when Egypt imposed the requirement for marriage registration. This paper explores the historical and modern definition of ‘urfi marriage, how ‘urfi marriage is portrayed within Religion, State and Media, and what are the reasons and consecquences of ‘Urfi marriage in Egypt. Historical Definition of ‘urfi Marriage Starting by the historical definition ofRead MoreThe Historical And Modern Definition Of `` Fatima, And Based On My Personal Reaction Essay2062 Words   |  9 Pageseveryone knows. I have realized that the only explanation behind this dilemma is that the definition of ‘urfi marriage changed. ‘Urfi marriage, which refers to customary or registered marriage in Arabic, has always existed in Egypt. Even though its literal meaning refers to customary marriage, the term urfi marriage currently has been perceived as secret marriage from the contemporary Egyptian socio-cultural context. Madiha El Safty, Professor of Sociology at the American University in Cairo, explainedRead MoreThe Islamic Revolution Of Iran3396 Words   |  14 PagesThe 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran changed the geo-political landscape of the Middle East and ushered in more than three decades of hostility with the United States. In the aftermath, the leaders of the revolution proclaimed their intent to exp ort their vision of political Islam to the rest of the region and help Iran take its rightful place as a regional hegemon. In 1979, the US was embroiled in the Cold War and in the minds of the American public, the Middle East was little more than a Cold WarRead MoreChristianity And Islamic Influences On Sexism1790 Words   |  8 PagesSteven Egbalic Sociology 381 Professor Cretney 12/06/2014 Christianity and Islamic Influences on Sexism Introduction The language of the written principles in both Christianity and Islam is gender bias, written in the masculine voice. The idea being argued is that sexism is fueled by the continual desire to place one gender as dominate to another. The Bible has clearly referred to gender in the male context, whereas the Quran is not as open regarding the male references in their religiousRead MoreEssay about Islam and Democracy2214 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Islamic movements around the world especially in the Middle East and the current tension between Muslim and the Western countries in particular after 9/11, the different debates and arguments has been made by scholars, in particular Western intellectuals about the capability of the Islam to accept the principles of democracy. I will examine the relationship between Islam and politics, definition of Islam and democracy, the connection between Islamic teaching (Hadith and Quran) and Islamic movementsRead MoreJihad: What America Created Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the Quran and supporting Islamic texts, jihad means striving. However, there are several words and phrases, that when coupled with jihad, display a variety of sentiments. The phrase fi sabil Allah, in Gods path, can be interpreted as fighting for the sake of God. When paired with the word ribat, jihad is related to warfare or pious doings/activism (Bonner 2006). Jihad represents a fight that has provided Muslims with a solid base of military efficiency demonstrated historically in

Spanking Free Essays

Spanking is a form of corporal punishment. Corporal punishment is the deliberate infliction of pain as retribution for an offence. It is usually done in act by an adult, parent, or guardian hitting the child or students buttock. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanking or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reason this is done is in response to bad behavior. Some countries have outlawed the act of spanking in every setting, but many allow it as long as it is done by a parent or guardian. As many people think spanking is an okay discipline, this one of the most controversial methods of disciplining your child. On one side some parents think spanking should never be done, and then there are parents who believe it is okay as long as it is done for a particular reason. To some spanking a child means â€Å"slapping a child on the buttock† (Straus, 1991, pg 5) Spanking a child may stop the child from behaving for the moment but that will only last for a short period of time. An article from Mayo Clinic states, â€Å"Children learn how to act by watching their parents. The best way to show your child how to behave is to set a positive example for him or her to follow† This is saying that if you spank your child, your child will think it is okay to hurt others. Also that your children look up to you, parents are a role model for their child. There was a study released in 1991 by The Family Research Laboratory of the Univeristy of New Hampshire that was showed that the more a child is spanked, the lower that their IQ test will be in four years. The paper was described by researcher Dr. Straus at the World Congress of Sociology in Montreal. They studied 960 children who were varied between the ages of one and four between the years of 1986-1990. Thirteen percent of parents examined spanking their children seven or more time a week. The usual was 3. 6 spanking per week. The children that were physically disciplined scored a below average score of 98 on their tests. Those who were almost never disciplined scored an above average of 102 on their tests. â€Å"We know that children who are under the threat of violence or aggression develop a fight-or-flight response system that has an impact on creativity and imagination, both of which could influence their IQ†¦ Children need discipline but not hitting. (Jane Gadd, â€Å"Spanked children suffer intellectually,† The Globe and Mail, Toronto ON, 1998-JUL-30) This is stating that children do not need to be hit in order to be taught between wrong and right. Beacause spanking a child may be effective for a while it can escalade. The parent will often repeat this action every time the child misbehaves. Corporal punishment may become an â€Å"everyday† action which can lead to an increasingly normal and harsher spanking can exceed the reasonable force and later turn into abuse. 85% of all cases of physical abuse result from some form of over discipline through the use of corporal punishment† this means that 85% of cases of abuse have started from a simple spanking and escaladed. That being said, after spanking has led to more this action can unintentionally cause serious physical damage. A child that is hit can accidentally fall and injure themselves. Hitting a child’s hand can cause premature osteoarthritis, injure bones, blood vessels, joints and ligaments. Spanking a child can cause death, injure the tail bone, the sciatic nerve, and even injure muscles. Hitting the ear can burst the ear drum. How to cite Spanking, Essay examples

Finance Funding for Building

Question: Describe about a Report for funding for building? Answer: This report is about the funding for building a college which when started, creates a tough scenario and many other challenges that should be faced during this period. Though it seems to be an easy process but practically it is a tough process which should be faced during this phase. This report practically deals with the education funding of a college and the other investments that are made or required during this process. It also includes projected future investments which is precious for the college or the institution. It also includes the overall expenses or the cost that should be made initially for the growth and the requirements of the college (Kumaul Junker, 2000). The college will provide an opportunity to the students to get education and learn finance. This will help them to acquire knowledge about the importance of accounting, benefits of accounting and different methods of accounting. Main Body: PART 1 The college is expected to generate substantial revenues at the end of each year. Therefore, initial investment will be required to finance the launch strategy and marketing campaign. The college will provide a complete platform for the finance students. The operating cost is related to the expenses that are related to the operations of the college. The decisions that are made for pursuing business in education include all the investments and expenses which are essentially required for the business in education. All the planning should be done properly in order to get proper idea for the expensed in this business. The estimated cost of this business is given in order to get an idea of the expenses that will be taking place to stand up this business. The costs also include the costs of the materials such as books and other study materials, tuition fees and the interest on the loans (George, 2004). This also includes other costs which are related to the business in education. The other costs include board, personal and other monthly expenses including the students health fees. In keeping the above points in mind, the decision for business in education plays a dynamic role in the world of business. The standard budget does not include the cost of the computer which helps in the reduction of the cost for the education. Thus the educ ation system has become a business and the expenses for pursing education have become difficult in the era of this generation (Hickman, Byrd and McPherson, 2013). Hence, it becomes impossible for about 65% of human beings to get the benefits of education or to receive education. The expenses that would be required to start the college include cost of books, cost of tuition, interest on loans and other associated expenses. Expenses Amount ($) Cost of books 35,000 Cost of tuition 75,000 Interest on loans 23,000 Other expenses 17,000 Total 150,000 PART 2 In order to start the business, an initial investment will be needed of an amount of $780,000. The investment will be required for advertisement, operating expenses, maintenance cost, salary for the teachers and staff and other cost (Elliott Elliott, 2008). The measurement of performance will help to evaluate the efficiency of the investment. Return on investment will help to measure the return amount on the cost of investment. The cumulative cash flow will help to obtain the result of payback period from the investment (Kara, 2010). Return on investment = (Gain from investment Cost of Investment)/Cost of Investments = (245,000 150,000) / 245,000 = 0.38 Time (Years) Initial cost ($) cash Flows ($) Cumulative cash flows ($) 0 780,000 1 245,000 245,000 2 180000 425000 3 215000 640000 4 230000 870000 5 252000 1122000 6 280000 1402000 Pay Back period 4 The return on investment from the college is 0.38 and payback period is 4. The return from the investment is quite good and payback period is within 4 fours which show a positive sign for the business (Stittle Wearing, 2008). Conclusion: Overall the business will be in profit with appropriate returns on the investment. The return on investment is 0.38 and the payback period is 4. The college will provide education to the students on finance. Return on investment helps to measure the profitability of the business that indicates whether the company is using its resources efficiently or not. The aim of the college is to provide unique and valuable knowledge to the students. Work Cited: Elliott, B., Elliott, J. (2008).Financial accounting and reporting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. George, S. (2004). Demystifying the business plan.Psychiatric Bulletin,28(11), 418-420. https://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.28.11.418 Kumaul, H., Junker, A. (2000). Business Plan.WIST,29(9), 531-534. https://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0340-1650-2000-9-531 Stittle, J., Wearing, B. (2008).Financial accounting. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Warren, C., Reeve, J., Duchac, J. (2007).Accounting. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Hickman, K., Byrd, J. and McPherson, M. (2013).Essentials of finance. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. Kara, O. (2010). Comparing two approaches to the rate of return to investment in education.Education Economics, 18(2), pp.153-165.

Rationale free essay sample

The purpose of this task is writing a blog about my personal opinion about Eric Thomass speech The Secret to Success. Eric Thomas dropped out of high school later on becoming one of the most famous inspirational and motivational speakers around. His speech was posted on YouTube and he wrote a book explaining the secrets of reaching success. I personally became very motivated after listening to his speech and this blog would include my opinion about his speech and how it is motivational. I will explain the techniques he used to connect with the listener and to be able to move them to going after their goals. The register of this blog would be informal but not slang. The reason for this register is because of the targeted audiences which are the people who are in search of motivation and the listeners of the speech. I will analyze the tone and voice of the speaker. We will write a custom essay sample on Rationale or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eric is a black man and his idiolect and his accent is of a stereotypical black man. I will use Times New Roman text style with different sizes to right this blog. This blog relates to the course because I will be analyzing how his voice revealed his identity and his use of language to connect to the targeted audience. The speech on YouTube was in a classroom full of students. The blog will target the same audience as the speech as well as any other person wanting to reach success. This also relates to the course because I will explain how even though he became successful, he did not lose his original voice. No websites will be used since it is an opinion and personal analysis.

Dancing on The Edge essays

Dancing on The Edge essays This story is about a young girl that is looking for what she calls a normal life. Her mother died when she was giving birth to her new, loving daughter Miracle. The reason she was called Miracle is that she wasnt expected to live, so her stepmother, (Aunt), Gigi called her that for a nickname. When she discovers that her real mother died when she was born, Miracle set out on a mission to find her real, true self. During this period of self-discovery she meets many new and exciting people. She meets a young psychiatrist named Dr. DeAngelis, who helps her find information on her mother and who she really is. The Dr. suggests dancing to ease the pain and frustration of all the pressures of her life. Miracle puts all of her effort and all of her pain into dancing to forget about her mother and dedicates her life to her through dancing. Over time Gigi gets very upset at Miracle for dancing so much and not paying attention to her other sisters, and not treating her and them with the respect they deserve. So Gigi her own aunt puts Miracle into a mental hospital where she can be watched and treated for, in the way her aunt sees fit. Over a long period of time her aunt, Gigi gives Miracle the respect she needs, and comes to terms with her dancing and her needs to find out about her mother. IMPORTANT FACTS AND HIGHLIGHTS OF THE NOVEL Ë In her path of self-discovery she set herself on fire to prove she wasnt afraid to die to see whom her mother really was. Ë Miracle is put in a mental hospital for lying to her aunt about how she danced to relieve the stress of her life. Ë Dr. DeAngelis helps Miracle find her inner self, which her aunt thinks she has lost through dancing. THE THEME, MY FAVORITE CHARACTER AND MY OPI ...

Why Are We Afraid of PlagiarismÂÂ

Why Are We Afraid of Plagiarism   Your academic years are some of the most important and influential in your life. What you learn and how well you can portray your knowledge acquisition will dictate your future success. Therefore, it is understandable that many students are afraid of plagiarism. Whether you are wrongly accused or intentionally commit plagiarism, the practice has long-term, negative ramifications. However, we all know the rule Forewarned is Forearmed. Get a closer look on what is plagiarism and you will combat the fear of it for the whole college life. What Is Plagiarism? Plagiarism is the act of using someone else’s words or ideas and claiming they are your own. This is usually done by an act of omission failing to acknowledge the original source of the information. Things that are most commonly plagiarized include: Ideas Theories Facts Statistics Graphs, drawings or other visuals Spoken or written words How to Avoid Plagiarism? There are several steps you can take to avoid plagiarism. First, rephrase the information you plan to use. This means putting it in your own words. Simply playing with the sentence structure or changing the word or two won’t suffice. However, a paraphrase of the information should still maintain an accurate portrayal of the original purpose or claim. If you are unable to paraphrase the information, include a short quote of the material. This should be a direct quote- capturing exactly what the original author said. It should be noted that most colleges and universities are leery of large, block quotes. Generally, a quote should be less than 40 words. Anything more than that can easily be paraphrased. Second, be sure to add a proper citation. The way you format the citation will depend on the style guide you are using (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.). Usually, this means adding a notation of the author and date of publication (or other reference information). Note: Citations should be added for both quotes and paraphrases. Finally, include a reference page or works cited page. This will expound on the in-context citations you added, providing all the necessary information regarding the sources you used. Again, the formatting of this page will depend on the style guide you are using. It is important to note that your own works need to be properly paraphrased and cited too. If you’ve written something for this or another class, you must cite yourself. Treat the information the same as you would any other source. Otherwise, you risk to be punished for self-plagiarism. There is one exception to proper citation. If the claim is public knowledge- meaning the data can be found in various sources and is commonly known by the general population- you don’t need to cite it. For example, Barak Obama was inaugurated as president of the United States of America in January 2009. Consequences of Plagiarism The students who most commonly worry about the consequences of plagiarism are those who are intentionally embarking on the journey. However, it should be noted that these same punishments are also applied to those who unknowingly commit plagiarism. Each university has its own policy regarding plagiarism and will handle cases based on those predetermined rules. Usually, the severity and frequency of the act will determine the extent of the punishment. Many professors will award zero points for a project that is found to have plagiarized work. Alternately, the student may fail the class. Sometimes, the professor will use the formal disciplinary reporting process to notify university officials. Based on the officials’ findings, the student may be subjected to suspension or expulsion. Some schools make a note of the offense on a student’s transcript. This will severely limit the student’s potential for future success. Many graduate schools and prospective employers reference a student’s transcript; a notation of plagiarism could disqualify the individual for important opportunities. Perhaps more noteworthy is the negative ramifications the student inflicts upon himself. You are depriving yourself of a valuable opportunity to learn and grow each time you commit plagiarism. You aren’t creating your own work or even original thought. Additionally, you run the risk of being ostracised from your friends\ and fellow students. Anyone who has put in the effort will resent your attempt at an easy-out. Lastly, you will ruin the relationship with your professor. That professor could have been a valuable reference down the road and plagiarism will burn any bridges you have already created. Plagiarism is a dangerous act. However, honorable students don’t need to live in fear of accidentally committing a writing crime. Simply take the necessary steps to combat plagiarism; this includes thinking long and hard about intentionally embarking on any path that could jeopardize your future success. Have you ever plagiarised? Do you think plagiarism in college should be allowed? We are waiting for you feedback and your comment!

The Human Rights in the Media in Syria Research Paper

The Human Rights in the Media in Syria - Research Paper Example Ajami further added that as for Yemen, the revolution was also an outcry against the attempts by the Saleh’s government to amend the country’s constitution (86). As for the Syrian revolt, it was partly contributed by the ethnic hatred between the minority and majority, whereby the ruling minority ethnic community lead by the Assad regime is accused of apply nepotisms in the distribution of national resources. Additionally, the Syrian crisis was propelled by the food crisis that has greatly affected the country, and of which the current Assad regime and the previous regime that was lead by his father are both accused of failing to make the nation food secure (Ajami, 23-31). Lesch lamented that it is only Syria, which is still experiencing intensified civil war since the advent of the Arab revolution while most of the Arab nations such as Yemen, Libya, Egypt, and Tunisia have at least returned to normalcy or the intensity of the crisis has reduced. This is because the cou ntries have recorded reforms in the governance of the nation and a change in the countries' top leadership that has been enabled by the elections conducted after the revolution (45-48). Lesch further lamented that the Syrian crisis is still intensified because President Assad is adamant on his position and has continued to defy the opposition. Moreover, the use of inhumane approach by President Assad loyal forces to quell the violence has continued to anger the opposition and even intensified the civil war within the country. Among the most inhumane approach that the Assad regime has used to fight back the opposition is the use of military tankers on both armed and unarmed protestors (102-113). Worse is the fact that off late the law enforcement officers have been threatening... This essay approves that current reports by the international media such as Cables News Network, British Broadcasting Corporation, and Al Jaezera all indicate that since the beginning of the Syrian crisis there has been thousands of death and injuries on both the pro-government supporters and opposition supporters in Syria. Secondly, the civil war in Syria has lead to the displacement of more than four million Syrians. Moreover, media reports indicate that many Syrians have fled to other neighbouring countries because of the civil unrest currently going on in their country and they are living in refugee camps where the standard of living is quite low. With reference to the United Nation’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is correct to assert that the crisis in Syria and in particular the Assad regime is responsible for committing human rights violation on men, women, and children. This report makes a conclusion that the UN is trying to support the Syrian population using the media by ensuring that their stories is widely covered in the international press and by encouraging the Syrian population to tell out their story to the rest of the world. The United Nations have also taken upon themselves to inform the rest of the world about the situation in Syria and to urge the rest of the World to publicly condemned the violence and human rights abuses that are taking place in Syria. Secondly, the UN while using the media has urged the rest of the world to join hands and call for peace in Syria. Thirdly, the UN while using the media to support the Syrian population has also asked the rest of the world to support the Syrian population during this difficult time through moral support and even material support.

International accounting standard No.2 (IAS2) inventory Essay

International accounting standard No.2 (IAS2) inventory - Essay Example In the year 1974 during the draft of standard, the name was changed to â€Å"inventories† from â€Å"valuation and presentation of Inventories in the Context of the Historical Cost System† the first draft was affected on 1st of January in the year 1995 and this was 21 years after the first draft exposure. On 18th of December 2003, the standard was revised and took effect as from the strart of January 2005. In the year 2003, there was a revised IAS 2 whereby different cost formulas for inventories were incorporated into the standard. These were superseded from SIC 1 on consistency. On December 1997, SIC 1 was issued and was effective as from 1st January 1999. sic 1 required that that the same cost formula was to be used for inventories with the same characteristics under IAS 2.21 AND IAS 2.23. in that case, different methods may be used where inventory items were different from other groups (International Accounting Standards Board, 2008, p.978). SIC stands for Standing International Committee (SIC), and it was renamed to International Financial Reporting Issues Committee (IFRIC). some of the issues in SIC were not added in IFRIC’s Agenda. This are as follows: The question was whether cash discounts received should be subtracted from the cost of goods purchased. A decision was made in august of the year t 2002 that they should not be added. The reason given by IFRIC was that paragraph 8 of IAS 2 provided enough guidance and thus it was not necessary to publish on the interpretation on the issue. The problem was on how to treat net realizable value when the inventory is consumed as part of the service rendered. A decision was made in the march of 2004 that it should not be added. It was noted that it existed for commercial bodies. It was thus concluded that the matter involved the recoverability of an asset which

Homework on essay Essay Example for Free

Homework on essay Essay 1. What is the new concept of education? For more than decades now, our constant contact with the Americans transformed us and led us to the evolution of our public schools and democratic institutions which then, in turn, developed in us our national consciousness in strength and in solidarity. It gave rise to a new concept of education which is deemed as the training of an individual for the duties and privileges of a citizen not only for his own happiness and efficiency, but also for his contribution to the national sphere at large. As the State’s primary responsibility is to provide for the education of every member of the society, it follows that an educated Filipino must possess three characteristics as enumerated by Francisco Benitez in his essay â€Å"What is an Educated Filipino? † 2. According to the author, what is the first quality should distinguish the educated Filipino? First is the power to do which embraces not only the ability of the Filipinos to produce material goods but also the valuable services rendered to society through institutions such as the home, the school, the church and the government. This is best exemplified by a mother who takes good care of her family. 3. What should be the second quality of an educated Filipino? Second, a Filipino is one who is distinguished not only by one’s knowledge of the world’s progress but also and more importantly by one’s understanding of one’s race, people and country – the ideals and morals that are cherished herein. How can a Filipino claim to call himself educated when he has conquered the world yet he is ignorant of his own culture and origin? 4. What should be the third quality of an educated Filipino? The third is that the educated Filipino is one who is deep-rooted in one’s speech and conduct. One must put into practice those elements recognized as concomitant to culture and morality. Hence, one makes use of such elements for one’s growth as an individual and for a nation’s development as a whole. 5. Which of the three qualities do you consider the most important? The third quality, because the Filipino must have ingrained in his speech and conduct those elements that are everywhere recognized as accompaniments of culture andmorality, so that, possessing the capacity for self-entertainment and study, he may not be at the mercy of the pleasure of the senses or a burden to himself when alone. 6. What are the other qualities would you like to add for the betterment of the Filipinos today?

Comparing Buddhism and Christianity Essay -- Religion Buddhism Christi

Comparing Buddhism and Christianity In the early sixth century Christianity was evolving at a rapid pace. The spread of Christianity was not only moving westward through Europe, but it was also moving eastward down the Silk Road. The eastward spread of Christianity was primarily a form of Christianity known as Nestorianism, after the teachings of Nestorius, a fifth century patriarch. By 635 Nestorian Christianity had reached the heart of China spreading through all of Persia and India. During the middle of the seventh century Nestorian churches were found in cities all along the Silk Road, though there were unquestionably many fewer Christians than Buddhists in Asia Up until the turn of the sixteenth century Christianity endured great persecution in China and Japan. Christianity became extinct in China and Japan until sixteenth century when European Christian missionaries first came to Asia. Upon meeting Buddhist monks the Christian missionaries realized there seem to be many similarities between Christianity and Buddhism. They noticed many other similarities in doctrine and books as well. The early missionaries to China and Japan were both shocked and disturbed by their findings that another religion had similar beliefs. The missionaries determined that this was the devil at work, inventing a counterfeit faith. In recent years scholars discovered the evidence of Nestorian Churches in Asia. Many people now believe that the similarities between Buddhism and Christianity are due to the influence of the Nestorianism in Asia. It is evident when reading many Buddhist teachings that there are many similarities between Christianity and Buddhism. Similarities between Christianity and Buddhism are evident in every sect of Buddhism, but are strongest seen in the Pure Land sect of Buddhism. In this essay I will compare the similarities and differences between Pure Land Buddhism and Christianity. In the largest Pure Land scripture or sutra, composed in India, a story of Amitabha is told. It is said that many eons ago, Amitabha a monk, learned from the eighty-first Buddha about the wonders of immeasurable Buddha Lands. According to the sutra in the second century AD Amitabah vowed to create his own Buddha Lands. He said that he would make them eighty-one times more outstanding than all the other lands. Amitabah who’s name means endless life an... ... salvation. Pure Land followers are glad that a Christians hold his beliefs. They rejoice that Muslim is a Muslim. They are glad for the agnostic. Pure Land missionaries goal is not to convert those who are happy with their own religion, their goal is to convert those who are unhappy with their beliefs. A Pure Land Buddhist is happy for those who are content with their beliefs. Although we can see that the two beliefs of Christianity and Pure Land Buddhism have similar beliefs, we also can see that they do differ in some major areas. I think that it is obvious to see that the Nestorians who brought Christianity to China and Japan had an influence on the Buddhist people during the sixth and seventh century. The religions have their major differences but we can see that throughout the scriptures that the main Idea of unseen faith is the central idea to the religion. Some may say that they are two very different religions but I would differ saying they have very much in common. Works Cited Snelling, John. The Buddhist Handbook. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions International, 1991 Reat, Nobel Ross. Buddhism A History. Fremont, California: Jain Publishing Company, 1994

Pros And Cons Of Agricultural Genetic Modification Environmental Sciences Essay

During the twelvemonth 2001 to 2003, there were four companies named ProdiGene, Monsanto, Hawaii Agriculture Research Center and Garst seed who had planted genetically modified maize and sugar cane on certain locations in Hawaii. These harvests were genetically modified to bring forth workss which would incorporate endocrines, vaccinums or proteins which could be used to handle certain human diseases. These companies had licenses to works genetically modified sugar cane and maize from the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service ( APHIS ) to carry on limited field trials of these genetically engineered pharmaceutical bring forthing works assortments ( GEPPVs ) on Kauai, Maui, Molokai and Oahu in Hawaii. The purpose of these companies was to bring forth genetically modified maize or sugar cane to bring forth experimental vaccinums for the intervention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) or for bring forthing cancer-fighting agents. The li censes of these companies have expired and they are non seting harvests since so. The instance was filed by Center for nutrient safety, Kahea, Friends of the Earth Inc. , and Pesticide Action Network North America, Plaintiffs against Mike Johanns, Secretary, USDA ; William T. Hawks, Under Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs ; Bobby R. Acord, Deputy Administrator, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and Cindy Smith, Deputy Administrator, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Biotechnology Regulatory Services Program, Defendants. Plaintiffs claimed that the Defendant had violated National Environmental Policy ( NEPA ) and the Endangered Species Act ( EPA ) [ 1 ] . Key Issue The cardinal issue in the instance is that USDA had illicitly approved field tests to bring forth drugs from genetically modified harvests such as maize and sugar cane. USDA had failed to see the effects to jeopardize species in Hawaii every bit good as the without sing any environmental reappraisal which falls under National Environmental Policy Act ( NEPA ) , Endangered species Act ( ESA ) and Plant Protection Act ( PPA ) [ 1 ] . Endangered Species Act ( ESA ) The Endangered species act was introduced by the Congress in the twelvemonth 1973 in USA. The act was formed because many of the workss and animate beings were on the brink of going nonextant. The chief work of ESA is to protect the endangered species and the ecosystem on which they depend. ESA is administered by the Interior section ‘s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ( FWS ) and the Commerce Department ‘s National Marine Fisheries Service ( NMFS ) . FWS is responsible for tellurian and fresh H2O being whereas NMFS is concerned with marine wildlife [ 2 ] . One of the policies of the ESA Act ( 16 U.S.C.1531 ) is to guarantee that â€Å" all the Federal sections and bureaus shall seek to conserve endangered species and threatened species. † The ESA requires the undermentioned â€Å" Each Federal Agency shall bespeak of the Secretary ( of the inside ) information whether any species which is listed or proposed to be listed ( as an endangered species or a threatened sp ecies ) may be present in the country of such proposed action. If the secretary advises, based on the best scientific and commercial information available, that such species possibly present, such bureau shall carry on a biological appraisal for the intent of placing any endangered species or threatened species which is likely to be affected by such action. † ( 16.U.S.C 1536 ( degree Celsius ) ( 1 ) ; 50 C.F.R 402.12 ( degree Celsius ) ) . This means that whenever an bureau which decides to take â€Å" action † which means transporting out any new plan or activity, the peculiar bureau should take a list from either FWS or NMFS to happen out about the endangered species which are present in that peculiar geographic country. Besides, ( 450 F.3D at 457 ) † if FWS determines that listed species may be present in the affected country, the bureau fixing to move must bring forth a ‘biological appraisal ‘ in conformity with the NEPA. If the biological appraisa l concludes that listed species are in fact likely to be adversely affected, the bureau normally must come in ‘formal audience ‘ with FWS. â€Å" [ 1 ] . National Environmental Policy Act The National Environmental Policy Act ( NEPA ) [ 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. ] was signed on January 1, 1970. The act states that â€Å" each individual should bask a healthful environment and that each individual has a duty to lend to the saving and sweetening of the environment. † It provides procedures for implementing the end of protecting, maintain and heightening the environment within the federal bureaus. NEPA besides holds all the federal bureaus responsible for their actions on the natural environment. ( 42 U.S.C.4332 ) .NEPA besides establishes the act on Council on Environmental Quality ( CEQ ) which has laid down certain ordinances which requires all bureaus to follow before moving on it ( 42 U.S.C4342 ; 40 C.F.R ) . â€Å" The CEQ ordinances requires bureaus to fix an â€Å" environmental appraisal ( EA ) † and/or an â€Å" environmental impact statement ( EIS ) † before moving, except in limited fortunes. ( 40 C.F.R.1501.3,1501.4 ) . An EIS is a â€Å" elaborate written statement as required by † NEPA, and an EA is â€Å" a concise public papers † that an bureau prepares when make up one's minding whether it needs to fix a more extended EIS. † ( 40 C.F.R.1508.9, 1508.11 ) [ 1 ] . The NEPA procedure evaluates the environmental effects which is undertaken by a federal bureau. There are 3 ways of analysing whether a peculiar project could impact the environment. They are: â€Å" Categorical exclusion finding † – an undertaking possibly excluded from a elaborate environmental analysis as it does non hold a important impact on the environment [ 3 ] . â€Å" Preparation of an environmental assessment/finding of no important impact ( EA/FONSI ) † – the federal bureau writes a study whether a peculiar project would hold any impact on the environment. If that is non the instance, the bureau issues â€Å" a determination of no important impact ( FONSI ) . â€Å" [ 3 ] . â€Å" Preparation of Environmental Impact Statement ( EIS ) † – if the EA finds out that a peculiar project will impact the environment so an EIS is prepared which would give a elaborate rating of the action and the options.After a concluding EIS is prepared and one time the determination is taken, the federal bureau will do the record populace [ 3 ] . Plant Protection Act ( PPA ) The works protection Act ( PPA ) ( 7 U.S.C.7701 et seq ) was formed in the twelvemonth 2000 in order to â€Å" observe, control, eradicate and suppress works plagues and noxious weeds † . The Secretary of Agriculture has the authorization to do official ordinances either to forestall the debut or the spread of works plagues. ( 7 U.S.C.7702 ( 16 ) ,7711 ( a ) ) [ 4 ] . Administrative Procedure Act ( APA ) APA is the jurisprudence under which federal regulative organic structures such as FDA and EPA come under. The regulations and ordinances are created by APA which are necessary to be implemented and major legislative Acts of the Apostless such as the Food Drug and Cosmetic act, Clean Air Act or Occupational Health and Safety Act [ 5 ] . Sequence of Events The complainants had argued that APHIS broke the jurisprudence in publishing the licenses to the four companies – ProdiGene, Monsanto, HARC and Garst Seed to carry on field tests of GEPPVs in assorted locations in Hawaii. It was besides argued that that the consequence of the GE harvests could pollenate with bing nutrient harvests and thereby, can do the taint of the nutrient supply. It was besides argued by complainants that the animate beings which eat this maize would go bearers of experimental pharmaceutical merchandises which can do the spread of the experimental vaccinums, proteins and endocrines. It was put forth that APHIS had to measure the environmental impact of these genetically engineered harvests before the licenses were issued. APHIS nevertheless disagreed with the statements put forth by complainant and said that it had placed rigorous status on the licenses to guarantee that GM harvests ( maize and sugar cane ) would non pollute the environment. It was found i n the administrative records that there were no findings or decisions made specifically sing â€Å" categorical exclusions or exclusions to those exclusion for intent of following with NEPA. † Besides, no records were found bespeaking that APHIS had considered that anything could impact the endangered or threatened species of Hawaii. On December 16,2002, the complainants had submitted a request on GEPPVs to APHIS saying â€Å" Promulgate New GEPPV ordinances, Undertake a Programmatic EIS for GEPPVs, Change bing CBI and FOIA policies and ordinance, Create a publically available field trial misdemeanors database, and establish an immediate moratorium on certain plantings † . On March 10,2003 APHIS had asked for public sentiment on its giving permission for field testing of genetically modified workss to bring forth pharmaceutical merchandises. The response received from people and organisation ( who chiefly opposed the construct of GEPPVs ) and sent it as a missive on Ap ril 17,2003 as a response to the request by complainants. The tribunal asked for a auxiliary briefing to happen out whether APHIS had done anything in reponse to Plaintiffs Petition. The briefing showed that it had ( 1 ) published a notice of purpose ( NOI ) in the federal registry on January 23, 2004 to â€Å" fix an EIS in connexion with possible alterations to the ordinances sing the importing, interstate motion, and environmental release of certain genetically modified being † ; ( 2 ) made a bill of exchange EIS which is presently being reviewed by USDA and other governmental bureaus and ( 3 ) it has put up many cyberspace pages giving information about GEPPVs allowing [ 1 ] . Plaintiffs filed their ailment in November 2003 and their first amended ailment in February,2004. The Biotechnology Industry Organization ( BIO ) – a non-profit-making organisation which represents over 1000 biotechnology companies- filed a impression to step in in April 2004. The Magistrate justice Barry Kurren granted in portion and denied in portion BIO ‘s petition. The suspects had filed several impressions to disregard BIO ‘s intercession which the justice Ezra denied in written orders dated January 26,2005, March 2, 2005 and July 18, 2005. On August 1,2005 the Plaintiffs filed a Second Amended Complaint. The tribunal heard the statements of the Plaintiffs and the Defendants on July,7 2006. In the 2nd amended ailment, the complainants alleged that â€Å" ( 1 ) APHIS violated NEPA and ESA in publishing the licenses to the four companies ( 2 ) APHIS violated NEPA and ESA in implementing its GEPPV plan ( 3 ) APHIS violated the PPA and the APA in neglecting to re act to its request. â€Å" [ 1 ] . After more than two and a half old ages of hearing the statements between the two parties, the gesture sum-up was heard on July 7, 2006. The tribunal foremost examined the Plaintiffs ‘ claims that four licenses were issued to the companies violates ESA. The tribunal granted judgement in favour of the Plaintiffs. Second, the Plaintiffs claims against APHIS that it violated NEPA in publishing the licenses were discussed and the judgement was given in favour of the Plaintiffs. In the 3rd claim which said that APHIS violated NEPA and ESA in developing and implementing this GEPPV plan. Since, neither the Plaintiffs or the Defendants have put forth their statements clearly with regard to their claims. The tribunal had withheld hearing refering to this claim and had asked all the parties involved to organize a 15 page brief which would discourse the redresss which would be disposed for the order. These Jockey shortss were filed on August 17,2006. The antiphonal Jockey shortss were giv en by all the parties by grand 21,2006. The tribunal heard the statement on August 22, 2006. Finally, the tribunal examined Plaintiffs ‘ claims that APHIS acted â€Å" randomly and freakishly † in denying their first request which was given on December 16,2002. To this request the tribunal granted judgement in favour of the Defendants. Based on the hearings, the tribunal â€Å" GRANTS IN PARTS and DENIES IN PART the Plaintiffs ‘ Motion for drumhead judgement and it GRANTS IN PART and DENIES IN PART the Defendants ‘ gesture for drumhead judgement. â€Å" [ 1 ] . Decision The breach occurred because APHIS, USDA did non look into the affects that a genetically modified harvest could hold on the environment. AHIS had violated both the NEPA act and the ESA act. If things had gone incorrectly, transverse pollenation could hold taken topographic point between the GE maize and the non-GE maize which would hold resulted in the taint of nutrient supply. Furthermore, if animate beings which were already endangered or threatened species, would hold fed on the GE harvest they would hold been transporting the experimental pharmaceutical merchandises which could turn out fatal. the lone manner to forestall the breach is to do certain that the federal bureaus like USDA look farther into any new project. They should do certain that the licenses they issue do non impact the environment in any manner. Furthermore, if they are publishing a license in a zone where endangered species exist, the guidelines should be stricter and a eventuality program should be made in ins tance something goes incorrect. In my sentiment, genetically modified harvests should be grown in entire isolation where there is no possibility of any taint of non-genetically modified harvests. GM harvests should non be allowed to be grown in countries where there are endangered or threatened species. Drumhead USDA had given the licenses to four companies – Garst Seed, Monsanto, ProdiGene and Hawaii Agriculture Research Center- to works genetically modified maize and sugar cane on several locations in Hawaii. The companies had genetically engineered maize and sugar cane to bring forth workss which would incorporate endocrines, vaccinums or proteins which could be used to handle human diseases. Center for nutrient safety et Al. filed a request against Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services ( APHIS ) , United States Agriculture Department ( USDA ) that it had illicitly given licenses to these four companies without sing the danger affects of these harvests can hold on the Hawaii ecosystems particularly on the Hawaii ‘s 329 endangered and threatened species. APHIS was charged for go againsting both ESA and NEPA by the Plaintiffs [ 1 ] . Besides, the pharmaceutical merchandises such as endocrines, vaccinums, and malignant neoplastic disease contending agents pose a danger to the human wellness every bit good as the environment. It may let go of unwanted substances into the air, H2O or dirt, taint of non-GE harvests may happen and it can even present menace to the economic support of conventional husbandmans, merely in instance taint of nutrient harvests occur. On July 7,2006 the tribunal heard the statements put Forth by both the parties. Judge Seabright of the Federal tribunal territory for the territory tribunal of Hawaii held that USDA had violated the ESA by non making even a individual probe about the danger the genetically modified harvests could hold done to the 329 endangered species in Hawaii. USDA was besides found guilty of go againsting with NEPA for allowing the licenses without carry oning even a individual environmental reappraisal. Judge Seabright said â€Å" APHIS ‘s arrant neglect for this si mple probe demand [ under the ESA ] , particularly given the extraordinary figure of endangered species and threatened workss and animate beings in Hawaii, constitutes an univocal misdemeanor of a clear congressional authorization. † This instance was the first of all time tribunal opinion on the genetically engineered harvests, which stated that field testing of genetically engineered harvests is hazardous and the bureaus must follow with the bing environmental protection Torahs. The determination by the tribunal had made it clear that USDA has to see the impacts genetically engineered harvests can hold on the endangered species and on the environment [ 6 ] . I recommend that henceforth, any new project which involves the production of fresh harvests, should be done merely after reexamining all the impacts the harvest could hold on the environment or the ecosystem.

Justify The Proposed Approaches Essay

My campaign has various links to the national campaign which has the same topic as mine. This campaign is called ‘reducing underage drinking; a collective responsibility. This campaign used the mass media approach and the community development approach similar to my campaign. In my campaign I have used three approaches and have embedded them into the creation of my campaign. These are the role of mass media, national campaign and involving health e educators. The first approach would be the role of mass media. As I have mentioned in a previous task, media can be presented in various forms such as through the television, radio, Magazines newspapers and billboards. I have chosen to use the media approach because I think it will be more applicable to my target audience. The age group that my campaign applies to are very knowledgeable in the world of media. Having our own twitter page gives our campaign the opportunity to be seen on a large scale, on an off change that someone coul d see our twitter account it could be very beneficial for them. However using the media as an approach does some with some disadvantages, such as not being able to teach vital skills. Using the media in our campaign didn’t allow us to go into detail and give the personal support that some individuals may need. Using twitter didn’t allow us to write much, only short sentences. This approach relates to the health belief model. The health belief model suggests that people will only seek help when they have to. Our target audience was forced to listen to our campaign as we were presenting it to them. But to them go away and search our twitter page because they needed help happens on their own accord, and has nothing to do with us. They will be seeking help because they believe that they may have been one of the teenage binge drinkers we aware talking about. The second approach is uses were the social marketing approach. Using this approach made me use my brain strategically to see if what I was doing in my campaign would had related to my audience. Using the social  marketing approach I decided to use an app to get some information across. Using an app was a good idea for my target audience. Most people in the room had an iPhone and were excited to hear that there was an app available. The excitement made people download it, hopefully the information on the app, and the help that is provided will have a positive effect on the adolescence. The model I used the theory of reasoned action. This is because my audience had had the intention to drink when they drink. But after my campaign and the information I showed them that intention changed. They now realised the problems that come with drinking at obsessive measures, and have changed their intentions to not wanting to drink. Now that the people who were in my audience have changed their intentions. According to the theory of reasoned action they will no longer be involved in drinking activity.

Vida Clandestina essays

Vida Clandestina essays I, Enrique Oltuski, was born in Cuba in 1933. As Jews in Poland, my parents were discriminated against, and they were put into isolated ghettos. By 1929, they had decided to escape to the New World when they arrived in Cuba. For the first years in Cuba, my father had many financial difficulties. He had started a shoe business that was yet to get started during the economic worldwide depression. My mother decided to bring me to Poland for a few years, and let her husband organize and stabilize his business. It took my father a couple of years to gather up enough money to send us back to Cuba. During the two years I spent in Poland, I grew close to my grandfather who introduced me to the Jewish religion. Unfortunately, the Nazis tragically murdered him during World War II. For the rest of my life, I stayed in Cuba, and I never returned to Poland. Not many Cubans had the opportunity to go to an American University, but I was able to attend Miami University for four years. I studied Agriculture Engineering in college. College opened up my eyes to many other aspects in life. Miami was where I was first introduced to the Cuban Revolutionary movement. Many young Cubans were not pleased with the current government in Cuba. They felt the leader Batista, was running a dictatorship, and a corrupt government. Federal jobs were given to people with connections not to those who deserved the jobs. Most importantly, high-ranking government officials were stealing and keeping money from the peasants and farmers who needed the money desperately. I quickly became enraged about what I heard, and I was ready to dedicate my life to changing the Cuban government. I graduated from the University of Miami with a degree in Agrarian Engineering. By then, I was fully engulfed in my revolutionary views and desire to change the government of Cuba. However, I knew that my formal education would be vital in my success as an underground revolutionar...

Brand Strategy for Supermarket Industry in Hong Kong

Brand Strategy for Supermarket Industry in Hong Kong The advent of computers and technological innovation that has faced mankind in the recent past coupled with varied customers need and aspiration has left the business world to be highly competitive. For this reason, there are a number of strategies that organizations have used to cut for themselves a market edge in this competitive business world. The main strategy is branding usually followed by advertisement and publicity. The concept of branding has come out to be deemed by management of any organization as a top priority (Chaudhuri 2001). Additionally, it has been categorized together with human workforce to be the most valuable assets within an organization. It has been argued that brand building is a long process that utilizes a lot of resources and cannot be separated from advertisement and strong marketing strategies. Organizations have resorted to branding with the belief that it will save them from failing as it will enhance the value of the product/organization. However, many of these organizations fail to have prior knowledge that adequate planning is key to successful branding (Kotler 1997). For this reason, long-term promotion prop up for a brand, on the basis of definitions of the distinctiveness of the target consumers is necessary. Additionally, understanding of customers preferences, aspirations and expectations from the brand need to be considered. History and transition of branding Historically, ‘brand’ was though to mean a hot or burning thing and thus associated with marking of animals with unique symbols so that owners can easily identify them (Gregory, 2003). The process involved burning an iron that has been fashioned into a distinct symbol then pressed on the animal skin leaving a permanent mark. Over the years the term has been used in a wider context especially in the field of business to refer to â€Å"name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one selle r or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of other sellers (Chaudhuri 2002). One notable example of earlier use of branding in China, where merchants used branding names â€Å"Misty Mountain Tea†, or â€Å"Garden in the Sky Tea† to sell poor quality garden tea to buyers Oscar Wilde wrote that pessimist is an individual that who is a ware of all things but do not know the price of anything. It is only in the recent past that top management have deem brand to be an important asset to their organization. (Davidson 1998; Ward and Perrier 1998) In simple terms, brand is entity that provides end-users with an added value on the basis based functional performance. All these help distinguish the product or service being offered by a business entity. The four Ps of marketing has been used for a very long time to bring about values associated with a brand (Lancaster 1995; Kotler 1997) As time passed, knowledge possessed by the community that engage in marketing has led to managers being brand leaders. There is recognition of branding strategy as source of competitive advantage in domestic markets (Chaudhuri 2001; De Chernatony 2001; Moore et al 2000).

Econ assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Econ - Assignment Example a. Increase in capital in country A will lead to increase in production of the goods x and y hence, the country thereby affecting its importation of the same goods thus, affecting the exportation on the same goods by country B since A shall have increased its production on the same goods. c. Increase in capital in country B will lead to increase in production of the goods x and y hence, the country thereby affecting its importation of the same goods thus, affecting the exportation on the same goods by country A since B shall have increased its production on the same goods. 10. The reasons that led to the decline in the import due to industrialization included the production through processing and manufacturing by different nations; hence, creating self-reliance of nations. Additionally, it is worth noting that this factor promoted free trade since nations produces different items at different times; thus, it was only through trade especially free that products from different nations could be acquired by other

Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Mythology - Essay Example The cult of a hero are relevant to every day person’s life is because the values of that hero influence the group as a whole. In essence, any action taken by the people in the cult always reflect the decisions that would have been made by a hero. In a defined culture, a hero must be able to be successful without sacrificing the traditions of that society. A cultural hero does not have to reflect change necessarily; an invention of any sort would suffice to make him a legend. In the Quran, Moses without a doubt plays a very vital role of being a hero. Moses frees his people from the cruel oppression of the Pharaoh and leads them to the promise land. Moses was no doubt a humble and a valiant man, but adapted to his role when his people needed him the most. Understanding Roman and Greece mythology and philosophy are important as they influence the ideas that are innovated in modern society. Chaos ruled the world, and hence initiated the creation of beings. Not only did the Greek mythologies often discuss the human-like qualities that the God’s possessed such as jealousy, hated, love, but also the fact that the Gods communicated with humans in a daily basis. In essence, the lesson becomes of morality, as good people will be honored and bad people will be punished. The Renaissance era that took place in Europe was a prime example of how artists tried to portray the stories of Greek mythology. Myths teach modern society that the world is full of flaws and have influenced all aspects of modern society such as: politics, literature, religion, poetry, infrastructure, and government. Greek myths at times are pure entertainment and don’t always serve as a reminder of ethics. For instance, the popular STAR WARS chronicles, depict a lot of ideas from Greek mythology as these myths have influenced our beliefs shown in our traditions. A classic example of how the

Explain the potential of Diaspora groups to contribute to the process Essay

Explain the potential of Diaspora groups to contribute to the process of conflict resolution in at least TWO case studies of you - Essay Example The reasons for leaving home include war, famine and seeking economic benefit. For the last twenty years, various researchers have carried out numerous studies to evaluate the ways in which Diasporas groups may impact both their home societies and host societies, but most of these studies fail to notice the potential of Diaspora groups to contribute to peace-building.2 There is a basis for reinforcing the inclusion of Diasporas groups in foreign policies and business policies to advance trade relations, however, safety for political development is a prevailing issue both in the public and expert circles.3 However, recent research has indicated that Diaspora groups can actively take part in the process of peace building and reconstruction in countries affected by conflict.4 Therefore, it should be noted that Diaspora groups have a greater potential to contribute towards the process of conflict resolution on conflicts affecting their home countries. This paper uses two case studies to analyses the capacity of Diaspora groups to play a role in the process of peace building. The two case studies are the Cyprus Conflict and the Ethiopian Conflict. In the Cyprus Conflict, analysis and evaluation of the role played by the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots Diaspora groups in resolving conflict issues at their homeland has been done, while the role of Ethiopian Diaspora groups based in European countries and in the United States of America, in promoting a peaceful of the political crisis in their home country has been evaluated. This paper also discusses the various ways, through which the Diaspora groups from the aforementioned countries influenced the process of peace building. How Diasporas Contribute to the Process of Conflict Resolution Diasporas can contribute to conflict resolution by lobbying host land governments and international organisations, as well as aiding processes of transition to achieve political cooperation and non-violent resolution of political crises in their home country.5 Diaspora groups can also apply pressure to homeland governments and rebels to enhance non-violence conflict resolution, as well as, domestic development. For instance, Diaspora organisations, through host land governments, pressure war parties in the homeland to refrain from violence6. Instead they urge them to embrace non-violence interaction modes by discovering and drawing attention to their human rights abuses. Diaspora groups also influence the political realm in their home country by challenging their homeland government through support to the government or the opposition.7 This is done by offering funds and other forms of assistance to political parties, civil society organisations and social movements.8 Also, Diaspora groups with the right to vote can participate in the voting process, which can resolve a conflict within their homeland and promote peace building. The power of Diaspora groups to frame homeland conflict in various ways contribute s to peaceful resolution of conflict. For instance, some of the activities of Diaspora groups strengthen some confrontational, homeland leaders and organisations, while other homeland leaders and organisations are undermined. This forces undermined organisations and leaders to seek compromise, and this resolves a conflict peacefully, avoiding violence.9 A prime example is that of the Ethiopian Diaspora

Egypt and Russias Political Systems Comparison

Egypt and Russias Political Systems Comparison Introduction The end of the Cold War was a pivotal moment in history of democratization, since it opened up a possibility of a successful spread of democratic ideals across the globe/at the global level. In this context, a range of scholars predicted that countries, previously known for their totalitarian or authoritarian past, would undergo a process of gradual democratization, which will result in their eventual adaptation of a democratic polity model as the fundamental element of their political systems(). However, almost three decades since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the question of whether democratization process had achieved any meaningful progress remains open, since many states had either retained their centralized political system or had adopted a mixed and hybrid political system, characterized by a unique combination of democratic and authoritarian elements within a single polity (Levitsky and Way, 2002; Haerpfer, 2009; EDI, 2010). In order to understand why states had reacted differently to the democratization process, this paper aims to identify similarities and differences in the way political systems are organized in two states, Egypt and Russia, which throughout their modern history were associated with highly centralized and authoritarian form of polity. Although it is possible to identify multiple similarities and differences between these states, this paper will focus attention on four important aspects, namely centralized and authoritarian state model, presidential style of government, limited political pluralism during elections and important role of political culture as an effective obstacle to countrys democratization. This paper is structured as follows. It starts with a brief introductory section, which will define term political system and will explain the case selection. The main body analyses four important aspects of political system in Egypt and Russia, mentioned above. The concluding section summarizes the main arguments. Political System and Case Selection Although the term political system has no universally accepted definition, in context of this paper it refers to a socio-political arrangement of institutions and agencies concerned with formulating and implementing the collective goals of a society or of groups within it ( Almond, et all., 2009:29; Powel, et all., 2015:24). From this perspective, it includes both formal institutions, such as parliamentary assemblies, governments and executives, but also informal arrangements, such as political culture, history, traditions and dominant norms in any given society (Powel, et. all, 2015:24). The paper relies on the deployment of the most similar comparative research design, which aims to explain similarity or divergence in the policy outputs by comparing cases with similar elements and aspects. In this context, whilst it is important to emphasize important differences between Egypt and Russia, some of which will be discussed below, it is equally important to acknowledge that these states share several common characteristics. Historically, political systems in both states were traditionally resistant to change and democratization, focusing instead on preserving the stability of the existing power configuration. Institutionally, Egypt and Russia are interesting cases for a thorough analysis, since despite the fact that democratic organizations and arrangements continue to exist in both states, the power is located elsewhere with traditional democratic organizations enjoying minimal role in decision-making process (). Geopolitically, following the end of the Cold War, both states were required to redefine their identity and find themselves a suitable position within a new geostrategic balance, heavily dominated by US unipolarity. Having defined term political system and justified the case selection, the next section of the essay will distinguish similarities and differences in the way political systems are organized in Egypt and Russia. Authoritarian and centralized state model. Traditionally, the power distribution within Egyptian and Russian political system was highly uneven, with ultimate power for decision-making process placed in the hands of a powerful national leader, supported by several elite groups, who was able to impose his political programme on society through mixture of coercion and consent. This gradually resulted in a popular acceptance of the principle of patrimonialism, defined as the idea that country is considered almost as a private property of a specific ruler, within Russian and Egyptian political societies with very weak levels of trust in democratic institutions (Hopwood, 1991; Remington, 2009). From this perspective, opposition forces had minimal chances of challenging and restricting the authority of the national leader, since they were often viewed either as an unnecessary distraction from maintaining an overall political stability or as open enemies of the regime, which by weakening the power of the governing elite can endanger an overall wellbeing of the society. The situation changed to a certain extent after the end of the Cold War, when both Egypt and Russia, under increasing IMF and US pressure, undertook a series of reforms, including encouraging the creation of political parties, providing more powers to legislative assemblies and allowing more competitive elections in order to democratize political systems with a varying degree of success. In case of Egypt, the reform programme was aimed at strengthening countrys reputation at the international level, whilst retaining and consolidating existing power configuration. In this context, despite multiple changes in political system, country still remains a military dictatorship with strong repressive and authoritarian elements, whereby, where all primary power mechanisms belong to a current national leader, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, backed by a mixed coalition of military elites and local bureaucracy (Freedom House, 2016; Osman, 2011; Cambains, 2015). In contrast, the majority of political reforms did achieve a considerable degree of success in Russia, particularly taken into consideration the minimal levels of democracy and freedom of political expression, which country experienced during Soviet times (Bova, 2003; Sakwa, 2009; Lucas, 2008). Nonetheless, according to Remington (2009:358), although the political elites in Russia are interested in retaining and upholding existing democratic arrangements, they often resort to indirect and hidden mechanisms of exercising dominance within such institutions. For instance, although opposition parties are officially allowed to exist and compete during national elections, the multiplicity of rules and regulations regarding party electoral registration make it extremely difficult for smaller opposition to compete and win sufficient number of electoral seats (Lucas, 2008). Likewise, the National Electoral Commission received immense legal mandate, allowing it to disqualify and remove unwanted alternative parties and candidates from ballot for the alleged violations of electoral procedures (Lucas, 2008; McFaul and Petrov, 2004). In this context, although parties may be vocal and critical during electoral campaign period, the majority of parties that receive parliamentary seats have strong incentive to cooperate, rather than criticise the governing party once in parliament (Sakwa, 2008; Lucas, 2008).

Greed in Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite) Essay -- Ode t

Greed in Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite)  Ã‚   Greed is one of the underlying themes found in Thomas Gray's Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat. This greed becomes the ultimate demise of the lead character, Selima the Cat. Mr. Gray uses a few different literary techniques to bring to life the inanimate written words. These techniques along with word choice allow for the possibility of many different interpretations of the text.    The general format Mr. Gray follows is seven stanzas of AACBBC form, wherein the A and B lines consist of eight syllables and the C lines consist of six. Thomas Gray also uses alliteration to emphasize certain aspects of the peom. "...fair round face/golden gleam..."(lines 8 & 18) are two examples of this. The imagery that is used to paint the lyrical picture of the feline stalking its prey also describes in fairly great detail the appearance of the cat's surroundings. Gray's word choice enhances the ever present physical aspects of his subject. "...The fair round face, the snowy beard, The velvet of her paws..."(8-9) presents the ...

Fireweed – Trip to Wales!

I am called Bill and I live with my auntie and father in London. My mother is dead and my father always said I was never to be sent away as an evacuee. When my father was called up for active service in the army I was left with my auntie. We wrote numerous letters to my father but he never replied to any of them. My auntie started to moan and groan about not being able to manage me. So, she decided to send me of as an evacuee, even though it was against my father's wishes. Auntie wrote to my father and said that I was being sent to another part of the country as an evacuee (not explaining why she sent me). I didn't even know where I was going, all alone without any money at all, not even a penny for a stamp to write to my father. The station was jam packed with children of all ages. Everyone had a bag, enclosed was a change of clothes and a label attached with an address written in capital letters to make it stand out. Two trains passed before, ours finally arrived. I was stuck in a carriage with mostly girls in uniform. Opposite me sat a great fat woman dressed all in blue, hairy tweed. As the journey progressed we passed station after station, nobody knew where we where going. Until finally the train stopped and everyone disembarked. Darkness was falling and after waiting half an hour another train came and our carriage was joined on the back. By now it was pitch black. Eventually we reached our destination, which turned out to be Wales. Once of loaded everyone was counted and put with a billeting officer who would find us billets in which to stay. One by one each child was chosen and I was last to go. The man took me up a pathway and by this stage I was feeling a tiny bit unwanted, neglected, and rather orphaned. He spoke in welsh to the people and after some persuasion they took me in. I stepped inside into a big farm kitchen where a great log fire was blazing like a forest rapidly burning down. The heat was inconceivable. Served on the tabletop there was bread, cheese and also a cold roast chicken. My stomach felt empty I was famished and the sight of food made the rumbling noises even worse. They asked my age and I replied fifteen. At last I was offered something to eat and then shown to my bedroom. The couple I was staying with were called Mr and Mrs Williams living with them were two shepherds, David and Evan. They hardly spoke a word of English just enough to cope with telling me things. In this welsh valley there were two chapels, no church and no cottages only rows of terraced houses. It was rather poor at that. I spent a lot of time on my bed reading an aged copy of the woman's weekly, which Mrs Williams stored under the staircase. When the billeting officer came round to see how I was getting on with the Williams, they seemed quite content with me. Feeling rather bored, I finally plucked up the courage and asked if there was a school nearby which I could attend. In the village there was only a primary school that was for juvenile children, but Mrs Williams suggested the grammar school on the other side of the mountains. The only trouble was how would I get there? The only option would be to get the bus. Yet again a problem arose. The bus fair! I had no money. So out came pen and paper to write a letter to my auntie telling her about the grammar school and asking if she could write to father and ask him to send me money for the bus fare. I also asked for my father's address. I posted the letter in the post office at the back of the village shop I waited for a reply but no letter came. An unusual thing happened one day, Mrs Williams approached me saying that she needed to check my hair for lice. Naturally enough I refused argued and ran out of the house until I came to a dip. I decided to jump but slipped and fell into heavy disinfectant that burnt my mouth and nose. I swallowed several mouthfuls. David and Evan who had been trying to catch me were in stitches of laughter. I was so angry I felt like a raging bull. When I gathered myself together I began to shake all over this made David and Evan very concerned. They took me back to the house and as I stood by the fire they stripped my wet clothes that were laden with disinfectant of me. Afterwards I went to bed. The following morning to my delight Mrs Jones informed me that there was post for me. My heart pounded like the footsteps of an elephant. In actual fact I received two letters! The first opened was from my auntie. Enclosed was my father's address, a book of stamps and she hoped I would write to him often. The other letter, number two was from my father. He missed me a lot. My father had sent me three whole pounds! This was the biggest amount of money I had ever been given in my life. This overwhelmed me. My first thoughts were to calculate how many bus fares would this pay for. Then I got to thinking about Auntie and home and decided that I would use the money for my train fare back to London. Leaving Mr and Mrs Williams, David, Evan and the terraced houses behind I left for the station. The timetable showed only one train per day at the village. The man at the ticket desk stared at me as though he were looking right through me. When I saw him, I was frightened that he would recognise me so I put plan B into action. I walked to the crossroads. ‘Owestry =15 miles'. I looked down at my worn shoes; there was a station at Owestry. I bought a pair of boots so I could walk to Owestry as I had a funny feeling my old shoes wouldn't make it. I set off not having the foggiest how long it would take me to walk there. I bought a brown bap from a bakery van, which I met outside the village. When I arrived in Owestry it was late afternoon. I found the station and waited for the train to leave. It left and hour and a half late. Once I reached London I caught the bus home. Suddenly it took a wrong turn! Then I was told that the street no longer stood. I got of the bus as quick as my legs could carry me. I walked to my auntie's house and everything was grand until a warden stopped me asking where I was going. I was totally bewildered they wouldn't even let me my own home. Nobody was there to look after me. My auntie was not there any more. I was going to stay put I decided at least until my father came home. I was determined about this.

English Language in Thailand Essay

Language is playing nowadays one of the most important roles in cross-cultural communication, because it is a door into new culture and traditions. Therefore, the role of English language is swiftly increasing. It is known that English has been influencing Thai culture since the beginning of the 20th century and today Thailand is more and more popular among English-speaking and other foreign tourists. The next moment to mention is that country continues to expand its businesses in the international market place. However, the most crucial factor leading to English implications is, surely, entrance to WTO. Therefore, English language plays important role for Thailand and Thai population. English helps Thai government to develop tourism industry and to promoted Thai goods and service in the international markets. Additionally, Thai students nowadays prefer to choose studying internationally, especially in the United Kingdom and the USA as well as in Australia, Canada and New Zealand. English language in Thailand has been significantly developed â€Å"over the last two decades and while it hasn’t reached saturation, it is probably almost as developed now as other countries in the region like Japan or Korea though it is growing fast†. Apparently, many Thai people can speak English rather well and many other are able to understand some English and the number of people who are willing to learn English is increasing. Many language schools are opened in the country as well as many private schools and international schools (schools using the curriculum of a foreign country). Agencies sending Thai students to foreign countries benefit significantly to English expansion. Nevertheless, certain obstacles to English learning exist in Thailand. For example, it is very expensive for Thai student to be taught by a native English speaker. Therefore, not all students have equal opportunities in learning language. Furthermore, shortage of English teachers and instructors is apparent. References Sinka, Lindy. (2006). Teaching English and Living in Thailand. Retrieved January 29, 2007, from http://www.transitionsabroad.com/listings/work/esl/articles/teaching_english_and_living_in_thailand.shtml â€Å"Thailand and the WTO: Member Information†. (2006). Retrieved January 29, 2007, from http://www.wto.org/English/thewto_e/countries_e/thailand_e.htm â€Å"Teaching English in Bangkok†. (2006). Retrieved January 29, 2007, from http://www.stickmanbangkok.com/teaching.html   

The Impact of Offshoring on Employment Essay Example

The Impact of Offshoring on Employment Essay Example The Impact of Offshoring on Employment Essay The Impact of Offshoring on Employment Essay The Impact of Offshoring on Employment BY jamtebl 2354 What is the impact of offshoring on employment (in the offshoring country)? Use empirical evidence to support your answer. The development of globalisation of recent years has seen the ever increasing frequency and extent of offshoring by Multi National Enterprises (MNEs), involving the contracting out of different stages of production that were previously performed within a production unit to foreign subcontractors (Foster 2012). Reductions in the cost of international trade created and outpouring of low skill, labour-intensive anufacturing to developing countries. Factors such as the removal of trade barriers, reduction transport costs, and advances communication technology have made it possible to divide production into component stages, locate these production stages Brainard and Ricker (1997). Becker et al (2012) note that there is considerable agreement among economists that fragmentation of production, and offshoring production stages, is likely to affect the employment and wages across countries. There is however disagreements over the expected direction of these effects. Offshoring mainly involves tasks carried out by ow skilled labour, as such, the relative demand for low skilled labour would decline and contribute to a widening wage gap between skilled and unskilled labour. The central argument of this essay, is that despite standard, zero-sum claim (Brainard and Ricker 1997) that multinationals are exporting US (or other industrialised countries) Jobs to low-wage countries, the impact of offshoring is relatively limited, and MNE that engage in extensive offshoring actually increase their levels of relative demand for skilled workers in the onshore country (Feenstra and Hanson 1995). The effect of offshoring on overall employment shifts is analysed by Becker et al (2012) who found that MNEs with employment growth abroad also expanded Jobs at home, whereas ones those that shrink abroad also cuts Jobs at home. Their Study of German MNEs between 1998 and 2001 substantiate their claim: Over the time period, overall employment in Germany increased by 4. 3% on average across all sectors, whereas in MNEs employment increased by 11% over the same period. The highest rates of employment growth was seen in MNEs who were expanding their offshore employment (OE), who experienced 19. growth, whereas MNEs who were contracting the OE saw a shrinkage rate of 6. 1%. Their findings are consistent with two competing explanations as to the increase of onshore employment in firms expanding their OE: Firstly MNEs with favourable factor-market access shocks abroad and resulting foreign expansions may gain competitiveness in global product markets, allowing them to expand also at their home locations. Secondly, MNEs might suffer global product market shocks and in response change employment in the same direction at all their locations. Evidence suggests that each xplanation accounts for roughly half of the observed changes in employment in On the other hand, Macmillian and Harrison (2009) observed that over the period 1982 to 1999 onshore employment of US multinationals shrank by almost 4 million jobs. During this time, the number of workers hired by affiliates in developing countries increased and wages paid to these workers declined. Brainard and Ricker (1997) had similar findings; that whilst US based MNE employment grew by 11% overall between 83 and 92, onshore employment actually decreased by 12. 5% within the US. However, at the time of publishing only a third of all US multinationals had any productive actives in developing countries and for those firms that had OE in developing countries, onshore employment actually increased 13%. This increase was seen in skill-intensive areas, whereas the increase in OE was labour-intensive. These facts are consistent with the hypothesis that US MNEs are exporting low-wage jobs to low-income countries. Macmillian and Harrison (2009) do whoever, further suggest that other factors such as import competition and falling investment goods rices were central to the falling levels of US employment. Their findings suggest that the on the links between offshoring and onshore employment is varied, and that the effect depends on both the type and the location of foreign investment. HiJzen and Swaim (2007) note that even if offshoring doe not typically result in net employment losses at the level of the industry or even the firm as already suggested, this does not necessarily mean that workers do not encounter significant adjustment difficulties. A study by the OECD (2007) demonstrates that intra-industry offshoring is onnected toa demand for high skill levels. HiJzen and Swain (2007) state that this suggests that some of the workers whose Jobs are lost due to the technology effect from offshoring may lack the qualifications required by the Jobs created by the scale effect. (The scale effect being what happens to firms inputs, as the firm expands production). A study by Straus-Kahn (2002) analyses changes in the skill composition of sectorial employment associated with offshoring. Her main results correlate with those previously analysed; international outsourcing has had a strong negative impact on he demand for unskilled labour in the France. The regression analysis she undertook indicates that offshoring has contributed considerably to the observed decline in the within-industry share of unskilled workers in France. It accounts for 25% of the inter-industry shift away from unskilled workers and towards skilled worked between 1985. She does however acknowledge most of increase in the gap between skilled and unskilled labour is due to other factors, other than offshoring, such as skill-based technological progress, through increased R. HiJzen et al (2005) lso highlight the role of R as an explanation to the increase in the skills gap appears as increases international outsourcing and technological change can be induced through R. Another area that warrants analysis is the effect of offshoring has on the labour force developed in the USA over the period 1979-1990. He shows that relative wage and relative employment of high-skilled workers has increase. This positive correlation of relative employment and wages suggests that a shift of the demand curve for high- skilled labour has taken place resulting in a shift along the supply curve, as depicted. This pattern was subsequently found for other countries also (Foster 2012). Figure 1: Plot of Relative Wages against Relative Employment in the USA (1979-1990). Source: Feenstra, R. (2010) Offshoring in the Global Economy: Microeconomic Structure and Macroeconomic Implications. Cambridge: MIT Press. One explanation is attributed to an increase the use of computers and other technological advances, causing a general skill-biased technological change, for shift in demand. Another however, is due to the change in relative demand for labour, which occurred due to the forces of globalisation, and in particular the increase of ffshoring of low skilled Jobs to other countries (Foster 2012). The Stopler Samuelson model states that an increase the relative price of a commodity, raises the return or earnings of the factor used intensively in the production of the commodity (Salvatore 1995). Therefore, in a country with a high degree of skilled labour, an increase in openness, through offshoring, would be expected to increase the returns to skilled labour, further widening the wage gap (Foster 2012). This in turn promotes the view that there tends to be a negative impact f offshoring on the relative wage (defined as the ratio of high-skilled to low-skilled or of non-production to production workers) of unskilled workers. Greenway et al (2008) identified the reduction in wages of low skilled wages, the negative aspect of offshoring (on the I-JK) based on analysis of over 66,000 1-JK. The effect in a drop in wages is negated by the net gains from offshoring due to the increase in levels of employment, which they assess to be worth 100,000 extra Jobs with additional annual turnover of ElObillion in Britain today. These figures, whilst positive for the economy s a whole, are not entirely applicable to evaluating the impact on employment. This essay has demonstrated that the effects that offshoring has on the employment in the offshoring country. The literature surveyed all recognizes the shift in demand, towards high skilled labour, in the onshore country, changing the overall composition of the workforce. The effect on over levels of employment however is negligible, with potentially a small increase. This contravenes the view that offshoring simply exports jobs out of from the onshore country. The degree to which technological changes ave evolved the composition of the work force has played Just as a significant role as the process of offshoring itself, and is perhaps the reason why some studies a produced contradicting results. Overall, I found that a statement by HiJzen and Swaim (2007) perhaps best summarieses the issue: the productivity gains from offshoring are sufficiently large that the Jobs created by higher sales completely offset the Jobs lost by relocating certain production stages to foreign production sites. Becker, S. , Ekholm, K. , and Muendler, M. (2012) Offshoring and the Onshore Composition of Tasks and Skills, Journal of International Economics, Vol . 90, No. 1, pp. 91-106 Brainard, S. , and Ricker, D. (1997) U. S Multinationals and Competition from Low Wage Countries, NBER Working Paper Series, No. 5959 Feenstra, R. and Hanson, G (1995) Foreign direct investment, outsourcing and relative wages NBER working paper No. 5121 Macroeconomic Implications. Cambridge: MIT Press Foster, N. (2012) Offshoring and Labour Markets, 3rd FIE special International Economics Source: http:// www. fiw. ac. at/fileadmin/Documents/Publikationen/Spezial/3. FIW- Special_offshoring 28/4/13] Greenway, D. Gorg, H. , and Kneller, R. (2008) Offshoring and the UK Economy. GEP, Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy. Source: nottingham. ac. uk/gep/documents/reports/gep-offshoring- report-06-08. pdf [28/4/13] HiJzen, A. , and Swaim , P. (2007) Does Offshoring Reduce Industry Employment? GEP, Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy. Paper No. 2007/24 HiJzen, A. , Holger, G. , and Hine, R. (2005) International Outsourcing and the Skill Structure of Labour Demand in the United Kingdom, The Economic Journal, Vol. 5, NO. 506, pp. MacMillan, M. , and Harrison, A. (2009) Offshoring Jobs? Multinationals and US Manufacturing Employment Tufts University, Department of Economic, Working paper OECD (2007), OECD Employment outlook, Chapter 3, OECD: pans. Salvatore, D. (1995) International Economics 5th Edition, London: Prentice Hall Straus-Kahn, V (2002) The Role of Globalisation in the Within-Industry Shift Away from Unskilled Workers in France in Baldwin,R and Winters, L. (eds) Challenges to Globalization: Analysing the Economics, Chicago: Chicago University Press

foundation of nation essays

foundation of nation essays A formation of nation occurs when a state has a unified administrative reach over the territory over which its sovereignty is claimed. The development of a plurality of nations is basic to the centralization and administrative expansion of state domination internally. Therefore the nation-state, which exists in a complex of other nation-states, is a set of institutional forms of governance maintaining an administrative monopoly over an economic, political, social and cultural territory with demarcated borders, its rule being sanctioned by law and direct control of the means of internal and external violence exists when a state has a unified administrative reach over the territory over. Many states were formed at a point in time when people sharing a common history, culture, and language discovered a sense of identity. This was true in the cases of England and France, for example, which were the first nation-states to emerge in the modern period, and of Italy and Germany, which w ere established as nation-states in the 19th century. In contrast, however, other states, such as India, the Soviet Union, and Switzerland, came into existence without a common basis in race, culture, or language. It must also be emphasized that contemporary nation-states were creations of different historical periods and of varied circumstances. Before the close of the 19th century, the effective mobilization of governmental powers on a national basis had occurred only in Europe, the United States, and Japan. The truest symbol of its importance is the printing press. For one thing, this invention enormously increased the resources of government, which the fact that the printing press increased the size of the educated and literate classes. Renaissance civilization thus took a quantum jump, acquiring deeper foundations than any of its predecessors or contemporaries by calling into play the intelligence of more individuals than ever ...